Remember:

Remember: ¾ Duct cleaning should only be undertaken as a last resort, after other measures have been exhausted. ¾ Duct cleaning should only be done after the problem has been thoroughly evaluated and the contaminant source has been identified and controlled. DOHS staff are available to help study the problem and find solutions. ¾ Prevent dirt, water, and other contaminants from entering ducts in the first place, by following good practic

While filters

While filters are draining operatives to dismantle the sprayer and all other equipment ensuring that the cleaning and spray tanks are emptied and waste solution is disposed of safely on site.
13  Once filters are dry, operatives to carry out a visual and manual quality inspection to ensure that all grease and other debris have been successfully removed from filters.
14  Operatives are to replace the cleaned filters carefully back into the canopy.
15  On completion of cleaning, operatives to dispose of all waste chemicals and materials on site and remove all cleaning equipment, chemicals and signage to company vehicle.
16  Operatives are not to leave the site until authorised by Supervisor.

Operatives to ensure

Operatives to ensure that the client has had all appliances turned off, pilot lights extinguished, gas valves closed and controls isolated. Cover all kitchen equipment to avoid damage and soilage, using sheeting and boards where necessary.
Stainless steel ceilings
3  Operatives to erect access equipment e.g.. stepladder or ladder in the correct and safe manner. Ladders to be erected at the correct angle of 1:4 (75º). If working between 2-6 metres height ladders must be footed or an approved ladder stopper or stabiliser used.
4  Operatives to wash panels using either a ‘Greenie’ or cloth as necessary.
5  Operatives to then wash off all residue chemical using clean water and clean cloths.
6  When panels have dried, operatives to polish them with kitchen paper and stainless steel polish if required.
Painted – false or clipped tile ceilings
General Note: Ceilings can be emulsion or gloss painted, or have PVC coated tiles suspended as a false ceiling, therefore do not use too much pressure when cleaning as this may damage t

Duct Contamination

Duct Contamination Control Consider dealing with both moisture and soils that might enter the ductwork because both are involved with the problem of air duct contamination and the resulting indoor air quality problem. Soil Build-up in Air Conditioner Ducts • Effective filtering is essential for keeping air handling ducts clean. New filter types now available can remove more and smaller particles. In homes with pets and/or activities that produce particles, traditional fiberglass filters may not provide the protection needed. • Dirt build-up can be controlled by regularly inspecting and changing air conditioning filters. The build-up of dust on air conditioning filters causes air to by-pass the filter and carry organic dirt and spores into the ducts. • Air conditioner ductwork must be kept in good repair. Leaks around duct joints in attics can introduce dust and spores

TESTING PROCEDURE

TESTING PROCEDURE What should you expect when a contractor performs a duct test at your home or business? The test should take about an hour from initial setup to completion. You may be present while the test is being conducted, although the heating and air conditioning system must be shut off during testing. A properly conducted test will not damage your heating or air conditioning system or your building. The contractor will have to attach the duct tester to the blower compartment of the air handler or the main return grill using masking tape. Next the supply registers and any remaining return grills must be taped closed. After the duct system is temporarily sealed, the duct tester fan will be turned on to pressurize the duct system to a predetermined level (usually 25 Pascals, which is 0.1 inches of water column), and the contractor will adjust the gauges until the pressure level is stabilized. The contractor then records the fan pressure and converts this to a fan flow in cubic feet per minute. The results will show how leaky your duct system is and help you and your contractor decide whether sealing or repair work is necessary

The new facility

The new facility
The main specifications of the project were: •very low background noise, no vibration transmission; • double acoustic insulation of the reverberation rooms; • ideal proportions for the reverberant rooms, possibly in a new building; •a minimum of parallel surfaces in the reverberation rooms; • twin reverberation rooms to measure indoor and outdoor sides simultaneously; •two additional rooms to install the units and measure in-duct sound; • good control of the test conditions (temperatures, humidity and flows).
Additionally, the laboratory was also meant to allow determination of the coefficient of sound absorption of materials in accordance with EN 20354:1993 “Acoustics. Measurement of the sound absorption in a reverberant room (ISO 354:1985)”.

Bedrock-source

Bedrock-source systems are mainly applied in the Nordic countries and Switzerland. Typical drilling depths are 70-200 m with diameters of 125 mm. For a house, one hole is usually sufficient. Boreholes are not filled with grouting material. They are filled with groundwater for good thermal coupling, also under freezing conditions. Grouting is applied in other regions of Europe, notably Switzerland and Austria, and in areas with unstable bedrock. In the Nordic countries usually two loops (40 mm) are inserted in each borehole; elsewhere 4 loops are sometimes applied (32 mm).
New houses can benefit from so-called ‘free cooling’, if a ground-coupled heat pump is applied. During the summer, cold brine is simply pumped to the house without operating the heat pump. The heated water is recharging the heat pump’s heat source. This concept has become popular in some countries, stimulating the use of heat pumps.

providing information

providing information, and influencing and promoting system R&D. The results have paid off for both the company and the Swedish customers. Deregulation of the energy sector has resulted in retail electricity prices dropping considerably since 1997. Consequently, utility profits decreased and utilities were forced to consider new strategies, focusing on core business and carefully choosing new product areas. As the Swedish market is mature now, heat pump market support is less crucial.
Today heat pumps in Sweden are mainly used in the process industry (160 MW thermal), for district heating (7 TWh thermal annually) and in the residential sector (6 TWh thermal annually). Around 75% of the residential heat pumps are groundcoupled. The Swedish heat pump heating market stands out in Europe on a per capita basis (40 heat pumps per 1000 inhabitants). This success is the result of several factors, but the main explanation is the concerted approach by government, manufacturers, utilities and end-users/owners. As Vattenfall puts it: Having a healthy technical economic potential is not enough; (customer) acceptance and penetration power is as important

A partnership

A partnership agreement between ASHRAE and the IIR was signed on June 3, 2002. The agreement is seen as a win-win relationship. Source: IIR Newsletter June 2002 ARI Guideline updated USA - ARI Guideline T-2002, “Specifying the Thermal Performance of Cool Storage Equipment” has been updated and can be downloaded for free from: www.ari.org T-2002 establishes the minimum information required for specifications on cool storage equipment. It applies to thermal storage equipment in systems, which may be charge and discharged with any of a variety of heat transfer fluids, and is fully factory assembled, assembled on site from factorysupplied components or field-erected in accordance with pre-established desig

Installation Standards

Installation Standards
Standards for installation of heat pumps are divided into groupings to make finding specific information easier. Below is a list of paragraphs applicable to all heat pump installations, unless stated otherwise for specific heat pumps: • General Information • Heat Pump Equipment and Installation Standards • Quality Contractor Network Member • Equipment Requirements • Equipment Installation • Duct System Design, Modification, and Installation • Duct System Insulation • Refrigerant Piping Installation • Refrigerant Piping Insulation • Condensate Piping • Air Filters • Noise Abatement and Vibration Elimination • Electrical Requirements • Indoor Thermostat • Auxiliary Electric Heaters • Outdoor Thermostat (Power Distributor Option) • Extended Warranty Programs • Performance Guarantee Following these paragraphs are additional standards applicable to specific heat pump types. Throughout the Installation Standards, references are made to industry standards. References to these standards are listed in Figure 4-5, References for Technical Standards.

Only the manufacturer's

Only the manufacturer's recommended outdoor grilles, wall/window cases, support systems, wiring kits, and other accessories shall be used in the unit's installation. 6. The joint around the unit's case and the wall or window shall be sealed weathertight with caulk, seals, or gaskets as provided by the manufacturer. 7. No holes shall be permitted in the bottom of the heat pump's case except to accommodate, when applicable, the manufacturer's approved internal condensate drain system. If utilized, condensate drain pipes shall be sized in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations; in all instances, individual runouts shall be at least as large as the heat pump drain connection. 8. All cabinets, cases, and components shall be properly aligned to avoid extraneous noise during operation.
Water Source Heat Pumps: Ground Water Source Heat Pumps (GWSHP) and Earth Coupled Heat Pumps (ECHP). All other sections of these standards are applicable unless otherwise noted.
If the refrigeration system heating capacity is less than 100 percent of the structure’s heat load at design, auxiliary electric heaters shall be used and sized in accordance with the Auxiliary Electric Heaters section. Emergency heat shall be installed and sized in accordance with the maximum sizing requirements for auxiliary heaters in the Auxiliary Electric Heaters section. 1. Ground Water Source Heat Pumps (GWSHP) − All ground water source heat pump water-to-refrigerant heat exchangers shall be made of cupro-nickel metal. − To ensure constant water temperature and quality, ground water shall be the only water source allowed for ground water source heat pumps (except when other sources of water can be proven to have a temperature and quality that can remain as constant as ground water). The installing QCN member shall be responsible for meeting all state and local drilling code requirements. Also, the QCN member is responsible for ensuring the well provides an adequate water flow for the ground water source heat pump based on the installation requirements.

Material Specifications for Insulation

Material Specifications for Insulation Support. The following materials shall be used to support insulation, as required in the installation standards and procedures: • Wire or nylon mesh • Wire or nylon lacing materials • Other materials approved by TVA prior to their installation
Installation Requirements. The QCN member shall be responsible for ensuring that all attic insulation materials installed comply with these Program Standards. • Existing Conditions—The QCN member shall be responsible for determining if the installation of additional attic or ceiling insulation will cause structural damage to the residence, such as ensuring that the ceiling will support the additional weight of the insulation. If applicable, QCN members shall notify inspectors and customers prior to installing insulation if they determine that an R-value different from that recommended should be installed. • Amount of Insulation to be Installed—If no attic insulation exists, R30 shall be installed. If there is R18 or existing insulation, R19 shall be installed. • QCN Member Responsibilities—The QCN member shall be responsible for completing all preparation work involving insulation materials already existing in the residence, such as uncovering recessed light fixtures, doorbell transformers, and other heat-dissipating devices that were covered with existing insulation, providing blocking around such devices when necessary, etc. • Improperly Installed Vapor Barriers—Vapor barriers on existing batt or blanket insulation that have been installed improperly shall be either turned over so they are placed toward the living area of the residence (warm side in winter), or made ineffective by slashing several times with a sharp knife.

Thermoplastic storm windows

 Thermoplastic storm windows larger than 16 square feet shall have permanent retaining clips or other suitable fasteners compatible with the window materials installed to prevent inadvertent removal and/or lateral movement of the storm panel in any direction, parallel or perpendicular to the glazing surface, under normal conditions. The clips or fasteners shall be disengagable to enable window cleaning, maintenance, and exit through operable prime windows.   Stacking multi-poled, polymer-based magnets is not permitted.
Floor Insulation and Ventilation
Applicability. This improvement is applicable only if none of the following conditions exist: • Presence of any effective floor insulation • Underfloor area of insufficient height for installing floor insulation • Floor is over an area that is being converted or will be converted to a conditioned space • Underfloor area is subject to moisture problems (such as flooding or drainage problems)
Material Specifications. Materials installed as floor insulation must be an acceptable material suitable for floor insulation.
When physically possible, a continuous ground cover vapor barrier should be applied to cover approximately 80 percent of the crawl space ground surface to assist in keeping crawl space humidity at a low level. This will decrease the ventilation requirements as shown below. If a ground cover vapor barrier is not feasible, additional crawl space ventilation may be needed as described in these Standards.
Six mil polyethylene or 55 lb. roll roofing shall be used.
Ventilation. The frame and screening materials used for the foundation wall vents shall be constructed of durable materials (preferably metal) and be of sufficient size and number to provide the minimum required net free area of ventilation as shown below.

Determine cooling capacity

Determine cooling capacity by using the following formula: Btuh = (h2 - h1) x 4.5 x CFM  h1 =  heat content of air from Table A-1 corresponding to supply air  wet bulb temperature.* h2 =  heat content of air from Table A-1 corresponding to return air wet bulb temperature.* 4.5 =  air properties constant CFM =  Cubic feet per minute air calculated, from funnel, temperature rise, or return air method  *    At supply air outlet and inlet indoors record wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures.  (From Table A-1, record heat content values that correspond to supply and return air wet bulb temperatures, h1 and h2, respectively)
f) Verify that system capacity is + 10% of the equipment manufacturer's rating at the test conditions.
l. Direct Exchange Ground Source Heat Pump (DXGS) Inspection Procedures Inspect DXGS and duct system(s) for adherence to Standards. The preceding inspection procedures shall apply to DXGS:
1) Verify the distances between the compressor and the ground coil and compressor to air handling blower unit as required by DXGS manufacturer.  Both vertical height and total line distance shall be within limits as specified by manufacturer.  Insure all linesets, both vapor and liquid, are insulated with rubatex, or similar insulation non-corrosive to copper. (Major)

QCN members are responsible for

QCN members are responsible for: • Determining if the dwelling or business is a good application for the installation of a heat pump, which may include the condition of the structure as well as living habits of the residents; for example, a home in obvious need of extensive structural repair would not be a good application • Determining the legal owner of the dwelling prior to applying for program financing • Ensuring that the installation of the heat pump does not alter the structural integrity of the dwelling • Informing customer, preferably in writing, of details about the heat pump installation prior to beginning work, including: − type of equipment and accessories − weatherization work required − location of heat pump units − location of registers, return air grilles, thermostats, ductwork, etc. − alterations to home − time frame for installation • Program compliance of all subcontractors and making customers aware when work will be subcontracted • Customer approval of any changes from original estimate or installation design • Installing improvements to meet minimum program requirements for the installation of a heat pump; also, the QCN member is responsible for installing weatherization improvements in conjunction with the heat pump installed under the program to meet minimum requirements. If an inspector determines that more than the minimum requirements were pre-existing, additional installed improvements will not be financed.

"Exterior"

"Exterior" sensor This is a thermistor measuring the air temperature in the entry to the outdoor coil. It controls the operation of the pump, stopping it when the outdoor temperature approaches -15°C. This prevents the compressor from operating at a high ratio, which could damage it. It allows for the switching on of the duct heater (optional) controlled by the 2nd phase of the ambient thermostat, if the exterior temperature drops below -15°C. Through the "balance point", it allows for adjustment of the temperature at which the additional electric heater has to be switched on. "Discharge" sensor This is in the discharge tube from the compressor, installed in series with the high cut-out. It protects the compressor against high operating temperatures. It protects the compressor against high operating pressures. It stops the compressor if the discharge temperature exceeds what is permitted, or if the pressure exceeds 28 kg/cm2 . It protects the compressor if there is a drop in refrigerant charge or a reduction in air flow-rate through the outdoor or indoor coils. It permits resetting the compressor circuit after a lockout

Boiler testing and calculation method

6.5 EuP LOT 1 - Boiler testing and calculation method This model is used to calculate the specific seasonal energy efficiency etas of a space heating boiler. The model contains possibilities to include several different types of space heating appliances in the efficiency calculations, such as boilers, heat pumps, electricity or solar systems. The types of heat pumps included in the model is air source and ground source heat pumps tested in either floor heating- or in radiator heating mode. The model only applies for space heating.
System limits Heat pump data is taken from tests according to EN14511, therefore the head losses from heat source fans or liquid pumps are taken into account in the heat capacity and COP data. This model also includes the heat sink liquid pump.
The model takes into account the net space heating demand, Lh, of the house. The heat demand of the house is a consequence of the choice of the load profile and the so-called system losses Lsys. The size of Lsys depends on the characteristics of the boiler and the installation characteristics. The system losses include fluctuation losses, stratification losses, distribution losses, buffer losses and timer losses, which are set as a percentage that is depending on the heat demand

Europeiska standarder

Europeiska standarder (EN 14511) för kombinerad drift med värme och tappvarmvatten. Det skall även till fullo implementera rutiner för drift med kapacitetsreglerade värmepumpar (kompressorer och pumpar/fläktar). Förslag till vad som bör ingå i ett nytt transparent gemensamt beräkningsprogram som kan användas för jämförelse och certifiering har getts. Industrigruppen menade tidigt att det viktiga i denna del är att ta fram de samband som bör implementeras i ett beräkningsprogram, men att de själva oftast skriver in-house kod som de kan implementera dessa samband i. Detta gör att förutsättningarna blir likartade, men att tillverkarna fortfarande kan ha sina specifika (ofta hemliga) indata själva.

The second equation

The second equation determines G1 , the moisture content of the air at the air handler outlet.  G2 = .011, the moisture content of the 80F and 50% RH air in the space.  The moister content is
                          G1  =.011 – 8354/ (4840x2137) = .0102 lb/lb dry air
With this value, the point 1 shown in Figure 4 can be located on the psychrometric chart.  From .0102 on the moisture scale extend a horizontal line to intersect with a vertical line at 65F. This point 1 can also be located or checked using the sensible heat ratio given by Equation 10
                       SHR = 35274/ (35274+8354) = .81
From .81 on the SHR scale draw a line through point 2 and extend it to intersect the 65F line to again define point 1.  Extending the horizontal line from this point to the 100% relative humidity curve locates point 5 shown in Figures 3 and 4.  This gives the dew point temperature of 59F.  This is the required cooling coil temperature of the air conditioning unit.
Point 4 shown in Figures 3 and 4 is the condition of the air entering the cooling coil.  This point can be found from the following equation:

Outer air

Outer air can also representa source of organic and inorganic material which enters the system if filtration is inadequate.
However,in order to disarm any possible alarmistarguments,itis worth remembering thataccording to a study carried outby Health Building International on a total of 11million square meters of ductwork,only 10%ofoccupants’complaints concerning inadequate indoor air quality were due to contamination inside ducts.
Causes of discomforton HBI Study,IAQ •Maintenance operations:76% •Inefficientfiltration:56% •Low levels of ventilation:54% •Inadequate air distribution:21% •Pollution inside the ducts:12%
Nevertheless,itis obvious thatductnetwork has to be designed with the prospectof being cleaned during its future operational life.
Initial cleaning ofducts should be done beforethe installation is made operational.During operation, in addition to suitably adapted air replenishment, it is necessary to have efficient filters and to undertakecleaning and proper maintenance of the installation.
7.2Ductcleaning
This section is based on  “Recommended BestPractices for inspection,opening,cleaning and  closing of air ducts”,edited by the North American Insulation Manufacturers Association (NAIMA). The process of cleaning air ducts is divided into:
•Inspection and evaluation of the HVAC system as to whether itis necessary to clean the ducts or not,and if necessary,the measures needing implementation. •opening ducts •cleaning methods •closing of ducts after cleaning,final inspection and starting
a) Installation inspection Cleaning a duct network can be expensive and ineffective in providing a solution to problematic indoor air quality if the cause of the contamination cannotbe identified.For this reason,all potential causes ofthe problem should be fully explored before embarking on ductcleaning.

Remove weight from the pan

Remove weight from the pan. Make
sure the machine is reading zero
before weighing. Do not over load
the pan. If the problem recurs
calibrate. Possible damage to the
internal weighing cell.
OUt2 Out of Zero reading Make sure the pan is fitted correctly.
Make sure nothing is touching the
pan when turning on the unit.
Calibrate the machine. Possible
damage to the internal weighing cell.
UnSt Unstable Make sure the balance is on a flat
surface and away from vibration.
Possible damage to the internal
weighing cell.
LO or Low Battery indicator Change the batteries or use on the
power adapter.
ErrE E-Prom error Software error turn off and restart.
Contact Adam Equipment or your
dealer for further assistance.
No Power when turning on Change the batteries or use on the
power adapter.

Performance Criteria

Performance Criteria
Occupant comfort is the overall objective of the HVAC system, and air distribution is the means
of delivering conditioned air to provide comfort in the room. Comfort is very subjective and can
vary by individual activities and metabolic rates. The principal comfort criteria related to the air
distribution system are temperature mixing and uniformity, drafts that can be created by the
supply outlets, and system noise.
2.1 Temperature Mixing and Uniformity
Temperature in the room is maintained by delivering just the proper amount of air in a manner in
which this air can mix with the air that is already in the room. ACCA (2009) offers guidance for
dry-bulb temperature variances from the thermostat setting during the heating season as
measured at the thermostat to be ±2°F. Similarly the temperature during the heating season in
any room should be ±2°F of the thermostat set temperature. Room-to-room temperature
differences or floor-to-floor temperature differences should be no greater than 4°F in the heating
season. ACCA guidance for room temperature variances from the thermostat setting is ±3°F
during the cooling season.

E.9.6 Forced ventilation

E.9.6 Forced ventilation
If natural ventilation is not sufficient or required cross- sections of ducts according to Table 1.3 are to big,
forced ventilation shall be provided.
The air quantity Q shall be calculated according to E.9.3.
The air speed shall not exceed 4 m/s.
Where storage batteries are charged automatically, with automatic start of the fan at the beginning of the
charging, arrangements must be made for the ventilation to continue for at least 1 h after completion of
charging.
Wherever possible, forced ventilation exhaust fans shall be used. The fan motors must be either certified
safe type with a degree of protection IIC T1 and resistant to electrolyte or, preferably, located outside of
the endangered area.
Fans are to be of non-sparking construction according to D.6
The ventilation systems shall be independent of the ventilation systems serving other rooms.
Air ducts for forced ventilation shall be resistant to electrolyte and shall lead to the open deck.

The required minimum

The required minimum cross-sections of ventilation ducts are shown in Table 1.3.
Small air ducts and dimensions of air inlet and outlet openings shall be calculated based on an air speed
lower than 0.5 m/s.
E.9.4 Ventilated rooms with battery charging power more than 2 kW
Batteries exceeding charging power of 2 kW shall be installed in closed cabinets, containers or battery
rooms forced ventilated to open deck area. Lead batteries up to 3 kW may be ventilated by natural
means.
Battery Rooms shall be arranged according to GL Rules for Electrical Installations (I-1-3), Section 2, C.3.
E.9.5 Ventilation requirements
Ventilation inlet and outlet openings shall be so arranged to ensure that fresh air flows over the surface of
the storage battery.
The air inlet openings shall be arranged below and air outlet openings shall be arranged above.
If batteries are installed in several floors, the free distance between them shall be at least 50 mm.
Devices which obstruct the free passage of air, e.g. fire dampers and safety screens, shall not be mounted
in the ventilation inlet and outlet ducts of battery-rooms.
Air ducts for natural ventilation shall lead to the open deck directly. Openings shall be at least 0.9 m above
the cupboard/ boxes. The inclination of air ducts shall not exceed 45° from vertical.
Battery room ventilators are to be fitted with a means of closing whenever:
 The battery room does not open directly onto an exposed deck, or

K : battery capacity [Ah]

K : battery capacity [Ah]
The gassing voltage shall not be exceeded. If several battery sets would be used, the sum of charging
power has to be calculated.
The room free air volume V [m3] and the air quantity Q [m3/h] shall be calculated depending on battery size
as follows:
V 2,5 Q
I Qf n 4
 
 
n : number of battery- cells in series connection
f : 0.03 for lead batteries with solid electrolyte
0.11 for batteries with fluid electrolyte
If several battery sets would be installed in one room, the sum of air quantity shall be calculated.
Where the room volume or the ventilation is not sufficient, enclosed battery cabinets or containers with
natural ventilation into suitable rooms or areas shall be used.
The air ducts for natural ventilation shall have a cross-section A [cm3] as follows, assuming an air speed
of 0.5 m/s:

Refrigerating machinery rooms

Refrigerating machinery rooms
E.8.1 Refrigerating machinery spaces shall be provided with a suitably arranged forced ventilation
system. In case of group 1 refrigerants, at least the exhaust air is to be conveyed into the open air independently
of other space ventilation ducting. The inlet ducting shall not be connected to the ventilation
system serving the accommodation spaces.
E.8.2 In case of group 2 refrigerants, e.g. ammonia, the ventilation of refrigerating machinery spaces
shall be independent from ventilation systems of other ship spaces. The ventilation system is to be of
exhaust type.
E.8.3 Within the ship, the exhaust air ducts of fans serving refrigerating machinery spaces are to be
gastight. The exhaust air shall be conveyed in such a way as to prevent gas ingress into other ship spaces.

E.8.4 Provision shall be made for starting and stopping the fans of refrigerating machinery spaces
from outside the spaces in question. The switches are to be clearly marked.
E.8.5 The rating of forced ventilation systems is subject to the following rules:
 For refrigerating machinery spaces with group 1 refrigerants, forced ventilation shall ensure at
least 30 air changes per hour.
 For refrigerating machinery spaces in with group 2 refrigerants, e.g. ammonia, the minimum capacity
of the fan shall be determined by the formula:

Electrical machines

Electrical machines
E.6.1 If external forced ventilation for electrical machines is fitted with air ducts leading to the upper
deck, the motors driving these ventilators shall be provided with an emergency disconnecting switch outside
the engine room.
E.6.2 A failure of external forced ventilation shall cause an alarm.
E.6.3 Ventilation ducts shall comply with regulation D.5.7.
E.7 CO2 rooms
E.7.1 Cylinder rooms are to be provided with adequate ventilation.
E.7.2 Spaces where access from the open deck is not provided or which are located below the open
deck are to be fitted with mechanical exhaust ventilation of not less than 6 air changes per hour.
E.7.3 The exhaust duct is to be led to the bottom of the space.
E.7.4 Other spaces are not to be connected to this ventilation system.

Suitable arrangements

Suitable arrangements shall be made to permit the release of smoke in the event of fire (see
D.7.3.3).
E.5.10 Further requirements for control of fans and fire closures are stipulated in D.7.2 and D.7.3.3.
For application and design of fire closures see D.4.1.
E.5.11 Air ducts close to electrical switchboards must be so installed and fitted with drains, where
necessary, that condensed water cannot enter the electrical installation.
E.5.12 In case that a gas fire-extinguishing system is provided for the machinery space it is recommended,
that one of the engine room supply fans should be of reversible type and supplied from the
emergency source of power supply to enable extraction of fire extinguishing gases, should the need arise.
E.5.13 Power driven fire closures for engine rooms containing combustion engines shall not close
automatically in case of loss of energy (fail safe type) unless an uninterrupted, adequate air supply to the
engine room can be maintained. This requirement is deemed to be met if e.g. a sufficient number of fire
closures at air inlets and/or air outlets are of manual operated type. For a pneumatically operated system
for fail safe type fire closures, the air supply may be from one air receiver located outside the machinery
space with separated piping from air receiver to the fire closures. For arrangement of air receiver the GL
Rules for Machinery Installations (I-1-2), Section 11, D.6.5 are to be used analogously.

In the above formula:

In the above formula:
V = capacity of fan [m3/h]
m = charge of refrigerant in system [kg]
However, the number of air changes per hour shall not be less than 40.
Where refrigeration systems using ammonia are installed in rooms equipped with an effective sprinkler
system, the minimum required capacity of the fans indicated above may be reduced by 20 %.
E.9 Spaces containing batteries
E.9.1 General requirements
All battery-installations, except for gastight batteries, in rooms, cabinets and containers shall be constructed
and ventilated in such a way as to prevent the accumulation of ignitable gas mixtures.
Gastight NiCd-, NiMH- or Li- batteries need not be ventilated.
E.9.2 Batteries installed in switchboards with charging power up to 0.2 kW
Lead batteries with a charging power up to 0.2 kW may be installed in switchboards without separation to
switchgear and without any additional ventilation, if:
 the batteries are valve regulated (VRLA), provided with solid electrolyte
 the battery cases are not closed completely (IP 2X is suitable)
 the charger is regulated automatically by an IU- controller with a maximum continuous charging
voltage of 2.3 V/cell and rated power of the charger is limited to 0.2 kW

The positions of air

The positions of air inlets and air outlets are to be such as to prevent short-circuiting of air.
E.5.5 In general the shipboard machinery, equipment and appliances in machinery spaces are to be
designed for continuous operation at maximum engine room air temperature as required in the GL Rules
for Machinery Installations (I-1-2), Section 1, C
E.5.6 For the determination of the ventilation capacity the heat radiation of the equipment in the
space and the required combustion air are to be considered.
E.5.7 The capacity and arrangement of ventilation systems/ducts is to ensure that accumulation of
oil vapour is avoided under normal conditions.
Note
The capacity requirements mentioned in E.5.5, E.5.6 and E.5.7 are in general deemed to be met by using
the calculations as per ISO Standard 8861 in the latest version.
E.5.8 The number of ventilation inlets, ventilators and exhaust openings in funnels shall be kept to a
minimum, consistent with the needs of ventilation and the proper and safe working of the ship